Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses visible red and near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate cellular processes. It is non-thermal and non-ionizing. Primary targets include cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria, which may enhance ATP production and reduce oxidative stress.
Key Mechanisms
- •Cytochrome c oxidase — absorbs red/NIR, may increase electron transport and ATP
- •Nitric oxide — light can dissociate NO from cytochrome c oxidase, restoring respiration
- •Water viscosity — some models suggest light reduces viscosity around proteins
- •NIR penetration — 700–1400 nm penetrates several cm into tissue
In ONDA Life
The Mitochondrial DNA Red Light article covers photonic charging protocols using red/NIR panels.